Toho recording equipment in the 50s-70s? Why no stereo?

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Toho recording equipment in the 50s-70s? Why no stereo?

Postby GodzFire » Sun Jan 15, 2012 12:25 pm

Taken from SciFi Japan's 'Godzilla 50th Anniversary Pressbook'

The optical recording equipment had only four audio tracks, and of those, one was used for the principal dialogue, one for background chatter, ambient noise, and the sounds of tanks and planes and one for Godzilla’s roar and footsteps.

Unbelievable as it sounds today, the musical score and the foley (mechanical) sound effects of Godzilla’s final, wanton rampage through Tokyo were recorded live, at the same time. At the recording session, Ifukube conducted the NHK Philharmonic orchestra while a foley artist watched Godzilla’s attack projected on a movie screen, using pieces of tin, concrete debris, wood, and other materials to simulate the sounds of the monster walking through buildings.


From the first paragraph, to me, it sounds like Toho had a 4 track recording machine. Even if it was maybe 2, 2 track ones, why wouldn't they have recorded the music or something other than a single mic? It makes no sense to me.

Moreover, I could see not having access to a multi-track recorder in the 50s, but still to this day, I don't understand how NOTHING from Godzilla was in stereo until The Return Of Godzilla in 1984.

The notable and curious exception is of course Godzilla Vs King Kong in 1962, which boasted a beautiful stereo soundtrack. Even more strange is why it was the only film to do so, unless it was due to the partnership with the owners of King Kong, thus allowing for a more expensive film budget.

Motown had an 8 track system in 1964, you can't tell me Toho couldn't at least have gotten a 4 track machine one by then?

Does anyone have any information of this, or do some digging? I'd love if some of the folks who have done commentary on the DVD releases would chime in, as they I'm sure learned a lot while working on those features.
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Re: Toho recording equipment in the 50s-70s? Why no stereo?

Postby Chris55 » Sun Jan 15, 2012 12:42 pm

I don't think they went to stereo till Mothra. Probably a budget issue.
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Re: Toho recording equipment in the 50s-70s? Why no stereo?

Postby omgitsgodzilla » Tue Jan 17, 2012 2:10 pm

Also, Japan's filmmaking technology was lagging far behind Hollywood's at the time. IIRC, at the time Gojira was made, Toho only had one optical printer. True, the makers of King Kong were in much the same situation... 21 years earlier.
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Re: Toho recording equipment in the 50s-70s? Why no stereo?

Postby Chris55 » Tue Jan 17, 2012 8:51 pm

omgitsgodzilla wrote: at the time Gojira was made, Toho only had one optical printer.


One of the reasons for the scratches during the movie.
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Re: Toho recording equipment in the 50s-70s? Why no stereo?

Postby omgitsgodzilla » Wed Jan 18, 2012 4:43 pm

How, exactly? I'm not too familiar with how the device works, mostly just what it does.
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Re: Toho recording equipment in the 50s-70s? Why no stereo?

Postby Space Hunter M » Thu Jan 19, 2012 9:31 am

Wikipedia wrote wrote:An optical printer is a device consisting of one or more film projectors mechanically linked to a movie camera. It allows filmmakers to re-photograph one or more strips of film. The optical printer is used for making special effects for motion pictures, or for copying and restoring old film material.

Common optical effects include fade outs and fade ins, dissolves, slow motion, fast motion, and matte work. More complicated work can involve dozens of elements, all combined into a single scene.


Wikipedia wrote wrote:As in any analog process, every optical "pass" degraded the picture, just like a photocopy of a photocopy. Also, since a new, different piece of negative was exposed and printed, matching the exact colors of the original was a problem. For economic reasons, especially in the 1950s and later in TV series produced on film, printer work was limited to only the parts of a scene needing the effect. The original footage was spliced mid-shot with the optically-printed portion, resulting in an obvious change in image quality when the transition occurs.

Other problematic artifacts depend on the effect attempted, most often alignment inaccuracies in matte work. For this reason, shots intended to be manipulated via optical printer were often shot on larger film formats than the rest of the project. Larger film (such as the Vistavision format) has better clarity and less grain when reprinted and also reduces alignment problems.
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Re: Toho recording equipment in the 50s-70s? Why no stereo?

Postby omgitsgodzilla » Thu Jan 19, 2012 2:04 pm

Cool. Thanks. Makes sense that there always seems to be more print damage on composite shots and transitions in older films.
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Re: Toho recording equipment in the 50s-70s? Why no stereo?

Postby keef90 » Sat Jan 21, 2012 6:09 pm

Toho was a big advocate of Perspecta sound in the 50s and 60s, which was an odd sort of pseudo 3-channel audio system that encoded directionality by mixing three different sub-audible tones into a mono soundtrack (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perspecta). This was a cheaper option than stereo to expand the soundstage. Varan and The Mysterians were released with Perspecta sound, but I don't know about any Godzilla films. The Varan DVD even has a 3.0 option recreating the Perspecta sound mix. Stereo wasn't really a universal standard in films until the advent of Dolby Stereo in 1975.
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Re: Toho recording equipment in the 50s-70s? Why no stereo?

Postby Tamura » Mon Jan 23, 2012 2:42 pm

KING KONG VS. GODZILLA was released in 4-track magnetic. It's possible that the mono version was released with Perspecta encoding.
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